home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
/
Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
/
V
/
Vanuatu
/
INFOTEXT
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-09-01
|
3KB
|
76 lines
Group of islands in the S Pacific, part of
Melanesia. government Vanuatu is an
independent republic within the Commonwealth.
The constitution dates from independence in
1980. It provides for a president, who is
formal head of state, elected for a five-year
term by an electoral college consisting of
Parliament and the presidents of the
country's regional councils. Parliament
consists of a single chamber of 46 members,
elected by universal suffrage, through a
system of proportional representation, for a
four-year term. From among their members they
elect a prime minister who then appoints and
presides over a council of ministers. history
The islands were first reached from Europe
1606 by the Portuguese navigator Pedro
Fernandez de Queiras. Called the New
Hebrides, they were jointly administered by
France and Britain from 1906. Vanuatu escaped
Japanese occupation during World War II. In
the 1970s two political parties were formed,
the New Hebrides National Party, supported by
British interests, and the Union of New
Hebrides Communities, supported by France.
Discussions began in London about eventual
independence and they resulted in the
election of a representative assembly in Nov
1975. Independence was delayed because of
objections by the National Party, which had
changed its name to the Vanuaaku Party (VP).
A government of national unity was formed in
Dec 1978 with Father Gerard Leymang as chief
minister and the VP leader, Father Walter
Lini, as his deputy. In 1980 a revolt by
French settlers and plantation workers in the
island of Espiritu Santo was put down by
British, French and Papua New Guinean troops.
Later in 1980 the New Hebrides became
independent, within the Commonwealth, as the
Republic of Vanuatu. The first president was
George Kalkoa, who adopted the name Sokomanu
(`leader of thousands'), and the first prime
minister was Father Lini. In the 1983 general
election the VP won 24 seats and Father Lini
continued as prime minister. The Union of
Moderate Parties won 12 seats. Lini proceeded
to pursue a left-of-centre, non-aligned
foreign policy, which included support for
the Kanak separatist movement in New
Caledonia. This soured relations with France
and provoked mounting opposition within
Parliament. Despite the VP retaining its
majority after the Nov 1987 general election,
this opposition continued, prompting Lini, in
July 1988, to expel from Parliament his rival
Barak Sope. Lini was then dismissed as prime
minister and Parliament dissolved by
president Sokomanu, who appointed his nephew
Sope head of an interim government. However,
the Supreme Court ruled these actions
unconstitutional and security forces loyal to
Lini arrested the president, Sope and
opposition leader Maxime Carlot (who were
each later sentenced to 5-6 years
imprisonment) and reinstated the former prime
minister. Externally, since independence,
Vanuatu has sought to promote greater
cooperation among the states of the Pacific
region. As part of this strategy, along with
Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, it
formed, in Mar 1988, the `Spearhead Group',
whose aim is to preserve Melanesian cultural
tradition and campaign for New Caledonia's
independence.